Creating Directories

It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:

Käes aeg luua LFS failisüsteemi struktuur. Standartse kaustapuu saab luua järgnevate käskude abil:

mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -v  /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
  ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
done
case $(uname -m) in
 x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64 && ln -sv lib /usr/lib64 ;;
esac
mkdir -v /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}

Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above,  two changes are made—one to the home directory of user root, and another to the directories for temporary files.

Kataloogid luuakse vaikimisi 755 õigustega, kuid kõikidele kataloogidele me ei soovi selliseid õigusi jagada. Ülalolevate kataloogide puhul, on tehtud kaks muudatust. Üks root kasutaja kodukataloogi puhul ja teine ajutiste failide kaustadel.

The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the /root directory—the same as a normal user would do with his or her   home directory. The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the /tmp and /var/tmp directories, but cannot remove   another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called “sticky bit,” the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.

Esimene muudatus kindlustab, et iga kasutaja ei saaks siseneda /root kataloogi. Teine muudatus kindlustab selle, et kõik kasutajad saaksid kirjutada /tmp ja /var/tmp kataloogidesse, kuid ei saaks kustutada neist teiste kasutajate faile. See on kindlustatud nn "kleepuva baidi" abil 1777 maski abil.

6.5.1. FHS Compliance Note

The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (available at http://www.pathname.com/fhs/). In addition to the  FHS, we create compatibility symlinks for the man, doc, and info directories since many packages still try to install their  documentation into /usr/<directory> or /usr/local/<directory> as opposed to /usr/share/<directory> or /usr/local/share/<directory>. The  FHS also stipulates the existence of /usr/local/games and /usr/share/games. The FHS is not precise as to the structure of the  /usr/local/share subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these directories if you  prefer to conform more strictly to the FHS.

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