Postfix
Postfix
Postfix on vabavaraline mail transfre agent (MTA), serveritarkvara mis mõeldud emailide vastuvõtmiseks ning saatmiseks. Postfixi kiirus, kergelt administreeritavus ja turvalisus on teinud sellest ühe enimkasutatava mta ja laialdase alternatiivi sendmailile.
Postfix on paljude operatsioonisüsteemide vaikimisi mta'ks, näiteks ubuntul.
Seadistus
Postfixi põhilisteks seadistusfailideks on main.cf ja master.cf. Main.cf sisaldab postfixi seadistusparameetreid mis vajalikud mailide liigutamiseks ning master.cf seadistab deemonprotsesse
Kõige lihtsamaks main.cf seadistuseks oleks
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP no spam please ;) myhostname = kool.edu.ee mydomain = $myhostname myorigin = $mydomain inet_interfaces = all mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 alias_maps = hash:/etc/mail/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/mail/aliases home_mailbox = mbox smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
See kõik on üldine ja töötab ühtemoodi nii freebsd, solarise kui debiani või kasvõi windowsil (kui postfix sinna kunagi porditakse)
Seejärel tuleb muidugi seadistada ka postfixi septsiifilisem osa, mis varieerub erinevatel operatsioonisüsteemidel omasuudu, näiteks kus asub deemon, kus spool kaust või mis õigustes töötab postfix
Näiteks FreeBSD's võib see olla selline aga ka muidugi sõltuda täiesti olukorras ja paigaldusest.
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix command_directory = /usr/local/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix mail_owner = postfix mail_spool_directory = /var/mail debug_peer_level = 2 sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq setgid_group = maildrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/local/man sample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix readme_directory = no
Seletaks pisut põhilisi ridu lahti
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP no spam please ;)
Üldine teade mida näeb kui ühenduda 25 pordi külge, üldiselt täidab pigem ilu ülesannet :)
myhostname = kool.edu.ee
See muutuja võetakse tavaliselt shellist ja sõltub mis on sereri hostnameks määratud, üldiselt võib olla soov seda siiski sageli muuta
mydomain = $myhostname
mydomain võib samuti sageli erineda myhostnamest, üldiselt kui aga ei võib kasutada näiteks muutujat $myhostname
myorigin = $mydomain
Sama jutt mis eelmise puhul
inet_interfaces = all
Postfix kuulab vaikimisi kõikidel võrguseadmetel mis serveril küljes 25ndat porti
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24
Võrkudeks mis on turvalised nimetame localhosti ja serveri taguse kontori sisevõrgu
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination
cat /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination
luunja.tartu.ee luunja.edu.ee
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
alias_maps = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
home_mailbox = mbox
Mailide salvestamise formaadiks mailbox. See on kõige vanem ja lihtsam formaat kuid mitte kõige parem ja tänapäeval oleks tegelikult juba üsnagi mõttekas kasutada maildir'i home_mailbox = Maildir/
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_sender_domain
Piirangud läbi mailiserveri saatjale, lubame automaatselt mynetworgist saatmised ning keelame tundmatud
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
siinpuhul saab seadistada veel
permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org
Lingid
Mailiserverite võrdlused
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mail_servers
redhat'i postfixi põhjalikud manualid
http://www.redhat.com/support/resources/howto/RH-postfix-HOWTO/x368.html
postfixi arhidektuuri täpsem ülevaade
http://www.postfix.org/OVERVIEW.html
Serveritarkvara paigaldus
amavisd-new
clamav
Kogu süsteem toimib nii, et postfix annab kirja edasi amavisd'le, mis kontrollib seda kasutades amavisd'd ja smapsassassinit
Seadistus postfix
main.cf
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
reject_unknown_sender_domain,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
reject_rbl_client relays.ordb.org,
reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org
master.cf
localhost:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o myhostname=localhost.eenet.ee -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 # amavis unix - - n - 4 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
konfig amavisd
use strict;
$max_servers = 4; # number of pre-forked children (2..15 is common)
$daemon_user = 'vscan'; # (no default; customary: vscan or amavis)
$daemon_group = 'vscan'; # (no default; customary: vscan or amavis)
$mydomain = 'eenet.ee'; # a convenient default for other settings
$MYHOME = '/var/amavis'; # a convenient default for other settings
$TEMPBASE = "$MYHOME/tmp"; # working directory, needs to be created manually
$ENV{TMPDIR} = $TEMPBASE; # environment variable TMPDIR
$QUARANTINEDIR = '/var/virusmails';
@local_domains_maps = ( [".$mydomain"] );
$log_level = 2; # verbosity 0..5
$log_recip_templ = undef; # disable by-recipient level-0 log entries
$DO_SYSLOG = 1; # log via syslogd (preferred)
$SYSLOG_LEVEL = 'mail.debug';
$enable_db = 1; # enable use of BerkeleyDB/libdb (SNMP and nanny)
$enable_global_cache = 1; # enable use of libdb-based cache if $enable_db=1
$inet_socket_port = 10024; # listen on this local TCP port(s) (see $protocol)
$sa_tag_level_deflt = undef; # add spam info headers if at, or above that level
$sa_tag2_level_deflt = 5.0; # add 'spam detected' headers at that level
$sa_kill_level_deflt = 7.0; # triggers spam evasive actions
$sa_dsn_cutoff_level = 9; # spam level beyond which a DSN is not sent
$sa_quarantine_cutoff_level = 20; # spam level beyond which quarantine is off
$sa_mail_body_size_limit = 200*1024; # don't waste time on SA if mail is larger
$sa_local_tests_only = 0; # only tests which do not require internet access?
$sa_auto_whitelist = 1; # turn on AWL in SA 2.63 or older (irrelevant
$virus_admin = undef; # notifications recip.
$mailfrom_notify_admin = "virusalert\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
$mailfrom_notify_recip = "virusalert\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
$mailfrom_notify_spamadmin = "spam.police\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
$mailfrom_to_quarantine = ; # null return path; uses original sender if undef
@addr_extension_virus_maps = ('virus');
@addr_extension_spam_maps = ('spam');
@addr_extension_banned_maps = ('banned');
@addr_extension_bad_header_maps = ('badh');
$path = '/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin';
$MAXLEVELS = 14;
$MAXFILES = 1500;
$MIN_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 100*1024; # bytes (default undef, not enforced)
$MAX_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 300*1024*1024; # bytes (default undef, not enforced)
$sa_spam_subject_tag = '***SPAM*** ';
$defang_virus = 1; # MIME-wrap passed infected mail
$defang_banned = 1; # MIME-wrap passed mail containing banned name
$final_virus_destiny = D_DISCARD;
$final_banned_destiny = D_DISCARD;
$final_spam_destiny = D_DISCARD;
$final_bad_header_destiny = D_PASS;
[qr/^/ => 1], # true for everything else
));
@keep_decoded_original_maps = (new_RE(
qr'^MAIL-UNDECIPHERABLE$', # recheck full mail if it contains undecipherables
qr'^(ASCII(?! cpio)|text|uuencoded|xxencoded|binhex)'i,
));
$banned_filename_re = new_RE(
# block certain double extensions anywhere in the base name
qr'\.[^./]*[A-Za-z][^./]*\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl|dll)\.?$'i,
qr'^application/x-msdownload$'i, # block these MIME types
qr'^application/x-msdos-program$'i,
qr'^application/hta$'i,
[ qr'^\.(rpm|cpio|tar)$' => 0 ], # allow any in Unix-type archives
qr'.\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl)$'i, # banned extension - basic
qr'^\.(exe-ms)$', # banned file(1) types
);
@score_sender_maps = ({ # a by-recipient hash lookup table,
# results from all matching recipient tables are summed
'.' => [ # the _first_ matching sender determines the score boost
new_RE( # regexp-type lookup table, just happens to be all soft-blacklist
[qr'^(bulkmail|offers|cheapbenefits|earnmoney|foryou)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(greatcasino|investments|lose_weight_today|market\.alert)@'i=> 5.0],
[qr'^(money2you|MyGreenCard|new\.tld\.registry|opt-out|opt-in)@'i=> 5.0],
[qr'^(optin|saveonlsmoking2002k|specialoffer|specialoffers)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(stockalert|stopsnoring|wantsome|workathome|yesitsfree)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(your_friend|greatoffers)@'i => 5.0],
[qr'^(inkjetplanet|marketopt|MakeMoney)\d*@'i => 5.0],
),
{ # a hash-type lookup table (associative array)
'pac@c-s.fr' => -3.0,
'nobody@cert.org' => -3.0,
'cert-advisory@us-cert.gov' => -3.0,
'owner-alert@iss.net' => -3.0,
'slashdot@slashdot.org' => -3.0,
'bugtraq@securityfocus.com' => -3.0,
'ntbugtraq@listserv.ntbugtraq.com' => -3.0,
'security-alerts@linuxsecurity.com' => -3.0,
'mailman-announce-admin@python.org' => -3.0,
'amavis-user-admin@lists.sourceforge.net'=> -3.0,
'notification-return@lists.sophos.com' => -3.0,
'owner-postfix-users@postfix.org' => -3.0,
'owner-postfix-announce@postfix.org' => -3.0,
'owner-sendmail-announce@lists.sendmail.org' => -3.0,
'sendmail-announce-request@lists.sendmail.org' => -3.0,
'donotreply@sendmail.org' => -3.0,
'ca+envelope@sendmail.org' => -3.0,
'noreply@freshmeat.net' => -3.0,
'owner-technews@postel.acm.org' => -3.0,
'ietf-123-owner@loki.ietf.org' => -3.0,
'cvs-commits-list-admin@gnome.org' => -3.0,
'rt-users-admin@lists.fsck.com' => -3.0,
'clp-request@comp.nus.edu.sg' => -3.0,
'surveys-errors@lists.nua.ie' => -3.0,
'emailnews@genomeweb.com' => -5.0,
'yahoo-dev-null@yahoo-inc.com' => -3.0,
'returns.groups.yahoo.com' => -3.0,
'clusternews@linuxnetworx.com' => -3.0,
lc('lvs-users-admin@LinuxVirtualServer.org') => -3.0,
lc('owner-textbreakingnews@CNNIMAIL12.CNN.COM') => -5.0,
# soft-blacklisting (positive score)
'sender@example.net' => 3.0,
'.example.net' => 1.0,
},
], # end of site-wide tables
});
@decoders = (
['mail', \&do_mime_decode],
['asc', \&do_ascii],
['uue', \&do_ascii],
['hqx', \&do_ascii],
['ync', \&do_ascii],
['F', \&do_uncompress, ['unfreeze','freeze -d','melt','fcat'] ],
['Z', \&do_uncompress, ['uncompress','gzip -d','zcat'] ],
['gz', \&do_gunzip],
['gz', \&do_uncompress, 'gzip -d'],
['bz2', \&do_uncompress, 'bzip2 -d'],
['lzo', \&do_uncompress, 'lzop -d'],
['rpm', \&do_uncompress, ['rpm2cpio.pl','rpm2cpio'] ],
['cpio', \&do_pax_cpio, ['pax','gcpio','cpio'] ],
['tar', \&do_pax_cpio, ['pax','gcpio','cpio'] ],
['tar', \&do_tar],
['deb', \&do_ar, 'ar'],
['zip', \&do_unzip],
['rar', \&do_unrar, ['rar','unrar'] ],
['arj', \&do_unarj, ['arj','unarj'] ],
['arc', \&do_arc, ['nomarch','arc'] ],
['zoo', \&do_zoo, 'zoo'],
['lha', \&do_lha, 'lha'],
['cab', \&do_cabextract, 'cabextract'],
['tnef', \&do_tnef],
['exe', \&do_executable, ['rar','unrar'], 'lha', ['arj','unarj'] ],
);
@av_scanners = (
### http://www.clamav.net/
['ClamAV-clamd',
\&ask_daemon, ["CONTSCAN {}\n", "/var/run/clamav/clamd"],
qr/\bOK$/, qr/\bFOUND$/,
qr/^.*?: (?!Infected Archive)(.*) FOUND$/ ],
);
@av_scanners_backup = (
);
Automaatne start
amavisd_enable="YES" clamav_clamd_enable="YES" clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"
Spamitõrje uuendus
sa-update -D
spamassassin --lint && /usr/local/etc/rc.d/spamd.sh.sample restart
--lint kontrollib ega reeglites kala pole
Kontroll töötamisel
Heidame pilgu maillog faili, kõigi kirjadekohta peaks tekkima rida
