|
|
| (ei näidata 3 kasutaja 116 vahepealset redaktsiooni) |
| 1. rida: |
1. rida: |
| Postfix
| | ===Sissejuhatus=== |
|
| |
|
| Postfix on vabavaraline mail transfre agent (MTA), serveritarkvara mis mõeldud | | Postfix on postiedastusagent (ingl. k. mail transport agent, MTA). Postiedastusagendi ülesanne on sooritada kontrolle, võtta epost vastu võrgust või lokaalselt ja anda edasi |
| emailide vastuvõtmiseks ning saatmiseks. Postfixi kiirus, kergelt administreeritavus ja turvalisus
| |
| on teinud sellest ühe enimkasutatava mta ja laialdase alternatiivi sendmailile.
| |
|
| |
|
| Postfix on paljude operatsioonisüsteemide vaikimisi mta'ks, näiteks ubuntul.
| | * postijaotusagendile (ingl. k. mail delivery agent, MDA) kirjade kasutajate postkastidesse jaotamiseks või kopeerida ise failisüsteemi |
| | * järgmisele postiedastusagendile |
| | * viiruste ja spämmi analüüsi süsteemile |
|
| |
|
| ===Seadistus===
| | Postiedastusagent on epostisüsteemi keskne komponent, mis ühendab kokku kõik eposti liikumisega toimuvad tegevused |
|
| |
|
| Postfixi põhilisteks seadistusfailideks on main.cf ja master.cf. Main.cf sisaldab
| | internet (teised MTA'd) |
| postfixi seadistusparameetreid mis vajalikud mailide liigutamiseks ning master.cf seadistab deemonprotsesse
| |
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| Kõige lihtsamaks main.cf seadistuseks oleks
| |
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| smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP no spam please ;)
| |
| myhostname = kool.edu.ee
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| mydomain = $myhostname
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| myorigin = $mydomain
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| inet_interfaces = all
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| mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24
| |
| mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination
| |
| unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
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| alias_maps = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
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| alias_database = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
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| home_mailbox = mbox
| |
| smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_sender_domain
| |
| smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
| |
| | |
| See kõik on üldine ja töötab ühtemoodi nii freebsd, solarise kui debiani või kasvõi windowsil (kui postfix sinna
| |
| kunagi porditakse)
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| Seejärel tuleb muidugi seadistada ka postfixi septsiifilisem osa, mis varieerub erinevatel operatsioonisüsteemidel
| |
| omasuudu, näiteks kus asub deemon, kus spool kaust või mis õigustes töötab postfix
| |
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| Näiteks FreeBSD's võib see olla selline aga ka muidugi sõltuda täiesti olukorras ja paigaldusest.
| |
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| queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
| |
| command_directory = /usr/local/sbin
| |
| daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix
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| mail_owner = postfix
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| mail_spool_directory = /var/mail
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| debug_peer_level = 2
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| sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
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| newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases
| |
| mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq
| |
| setgid_group = maildrop
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| html_directory = no
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| manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
| |
| sample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix
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| readme_directory = no
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| Seletaks pisut põhilisi ridu lahti
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| smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP no spam please ;)
| |
| | |
| Üldine teade mida näeb kui ühenduda 25 pordi külge, üldiselt
| |
| täidab pigem ilu ülesannet :)
| |
| | |
| myhostname = kool.edu.ee
| |
| | |
| See muutuja võetakse tavaliselt shellist ja sõltub mis on sereri hostnameks määratud,
| |
| üldiselt võib olla soov seda siiski sageli muuta
| |
| | |
| mydomain = $myhostname
| |
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| mydomain võib samuti sageli erineda myhostnamest, üldiselt kui aga ei võib
| |
| kasutada näiteks muutujat $myhostname
| |
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| myorigin = $mydomain
| |
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| Sama jutt mis eelmise puhul
| |
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| inet_interfaces = all
| |
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| Postfix kuulab vaikimisi kõikidel võrguseadmetel mis serveril küljes 25ndat porti
| |
| | |
| mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24
| |
| | |
| Võrkudeks mis on turvalised nimetame localhosti ja serveri taguse kontori sisevõrgu
| |
| | |
| mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination
| |
| | |
| | |
| cat /usr/local/etc/postfix/mydestination
| |
| luunja.tartu.ee
| |
| luunja.edu.ee
| |
| | |
| | |
| unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
| |
| | |
| | |
| alias_maps = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
| |
| alias_database = hash:/etc/mail/aliases
| |
| | |
| | |
| home_mailbox = mbox
| |
| | |
| Mailide salvestamise formaadiks mailbox. See on kõige vanem ja lihtsam formaat
| |
| kuid mitte kõige parem ja tänapäeval oleks
| |
| tegelikult juba üsnagi mõttekas kasutada maildir'i home_mailbox = Maildir/
| |
| | |
| smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_sender_domain
| |
| | |
| Piirangud läbi mailiserveri saatjale, lubame automaatselt mynetworgist saatmised
| |
| ning keelame tundmatud
| |
| | |
| | |
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| smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
| |
| | |
| siinpuhul saab seadistada veel
| |
| | |
| | |
| permit_sasl_authenticated,
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| reject_non_fqdn_hostname,
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| reject_non_fqdn_sender,
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| reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
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| reject_unauth_destination,
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| reject_unauth_pipelining,
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| reject_invalid_hostname,
| |
| reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
| |
| reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ===Lingid===
| |
| | |
| Mailiserverite võrdlused
| |
| | |
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mail_servers
| |
| | |
| redhat'i postfixi põhjalikud manualid
| |
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| http://www.redhat.com/support/resources/howto/RH-postfix-HOWTO/x368.html
| |
| | |
| postfixi arhidektuuri täpsem ülevaade
| |
| | |
| http://www.postfix.org/OVERVIEW.html
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| '''Serveritarkvara paigaldus'''
| |
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| amavisd-new
| |
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| clamav
| |
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| Kogu süsteem toimib nii, et postfix annab kirja edasi amavisd'le, mis kontrollib seda kasutades amavisd'd ja smapsassassinit
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''Seadistus postfix'''
| |
| | |
| main.cf
| |
| | |
| content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
| |
|
| |
| smtpd_sender_restrictions =
| |
| reject_unknown_sender_domain,
| |
| permit_mynetworks,
| |
| reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,
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| reject_rbl_client relays.ordb.org,
| |
| reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org
| |
| | |
| master.cf
| |
| | |
| localhost:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
| |
| -o content_filter=
| |
| -o local_recipient_maps=
| |
| -o relay_recipient_maps=
| |
| -o myhostname=localhost.eenet.ee
| |
| -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
| |
| -o smtpd_client_restrictions=
| |
| -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
| |
| -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
| |
| -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
| |
| #
| |
| amavis unix - - n - 4 smtp
| |
| -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
| |
| -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
| |
| -o disable_dns_lookups=yes
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''konfig amavisd'''
| |
| | |
| use strict;
| |
|
| |
| $max_servers = 4; # number of pre-forked children (2..15 is common)
| |
| $daemon_user = 'vscan'; # (no default; customary: vscan or amavis)
| |
| $daemon_group = 'vscan'; # (no default; customary: vscan or amavis)
| |
|
| |
| $mydomain = 'eenet.ee'; # a convenient default for other settings
| |
|
| |
| $MYHOME = '/var/amavis'; # a convenient default for other settings
| |
| $TEMPBASE = "$MYHOME/tmp"; # working directory, needs to be created manually
| |
| $ENV{TMPDIR} = $TEMPBASE; # environment variable TMPDIR
| |
| $QUARANTINEDIR = '/var/virusmails';
| |
| @local_domains_maps = ( [".$mydomain"] );
| |
|
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| $log_level = 2; # verbosity 0..5
| |
| $log_recip_templ = undef; # disable by-recipient level-0 log entries
| |
| $DO_SYSLOG = 1; # log via syslogd (preferred)
| |
| $SYSLOG_LEVEL = 'mail.debug';
| |
|
| |
| $enable_db = 1; # enable use of BerkeleyDB/libdb (SNMP and nanny)
| |
| $enable_global_cache = 1; # enable use of libdb-based cache if $enable_db=1
| |
|
| |
| $inet_socket_port = 10024; # listen on this local TCP port(s) (see $protocol)
| |
|
| |
| $sa_tag_level_deflt = undef; # add spam info headers if at, or above that level
| |
| $sa_tag2_level_deflt = 5.0; # add 'spam detected' headers at that level
| |
| $sa_kill_level_deflt = 7.0; # triggers spam evasive actions
| |
| $sa_dsn_cutoff_level = 9; # spam level beyond which a DSN is not sent
| |
| $sa_quarantine_cutoff_level = 20; # spam level beyond which quarantine is off
| |
| $sa_mail_body_size_limit = 200*1024; # don't waste time on SA if mail is larger
| |
| $sa_local_tests_only = 0; # only tests which do not require internet access?
| |
| $sa_auto_whitelist = 1; # turn on AWL in SA 2.63 or older (irrelevant
| |
| $virus_admin = undef; # notifications recip.
| |
|
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| $mailfrom_notify_admin = "virusalert\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
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| $mailfrom_notify_recip = "virusalert\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
| |
| $mailfrom_notify_spamadmin = "spam.police\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender
| |
| $mailfrom_to_quarantine = ''; # null return path; uses original sender if undef
| |
|
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| @addr_extension_virus_maps = ('virus');
| |
| @addr_extension_spam_maps = ('spam');
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| @addr_extension_banned_maps = ('banned');
| |
| @addr_extension_bad_header_maps = ('badh');
| |
|
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| $path = '/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin';
| |
|
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| $MAXLEVELS = 14;
| |
| $MAXFILES = 1500;
| |
| $MIN_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 100*1024; # bytes (default undef, not enforced)
| |
| $MAX_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 300*1024*1024; # bytes (default undef, not enforced)
| |
|
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| $sa_spam_subject_tag = '***SPAM*** ';
| |
| $defang_virus = 1; # MIME-wrap passed infected mail
| |
| $defang_banned = 1; # MIME-wrap passed mail containing banned name
| |
|
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| $final_virus_destiny = D_DISCARD;
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| $final_banned_destiny = D_DISCARD;
| |
| $final_spam_destiny = D_DISCARD;
| |
| $final_bad_header_destiny = D_PASS;
| |
|
| |
| [qr/^/ => 1], # true for everything else
| |
| ));
| |
|
| |
| @keep_decoded_original_maps = (new_RE(
| |
| qr'^MAIL-UNDECIPHERABLE$', # recheck full mail if it contains undecipherables
| |
| qr'^(ASCII(?! cpio)|text|uuencoded|xxencoded|binhex)'i,
| |
| ));
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|
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| $banned_filename_re = new_RE(
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|
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| # block certain double extensions anywhere in the base name
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| qr'\.[^./]*[A-Za-z][^./]*\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl|dll)\.?$'i,
| |
|
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| qr'^application/x-msdownload$'i, # block these MIME types
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| qr'^application/x-msdos-program$'i,
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| qr'^application/hta$'i,
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|
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| [ qr'^\.(rpm|cpio|tar)$' => 0 ], # allow any in Unix-type archives
| |
| qr'.\.(exe|vbs|pif|scr|bat|cmd|com|cpl)$'i, # banned extension - basic
| |
| qr'^\.(exe-ms)$', # banned file(1) types
| |
| );
| |
|
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| @score_sender_maps = ({ # a by-recipient hash lookup table,
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| # results from all matching recipient tables are summed
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| '.' => [ # the _first_ matching sender determines the score boost
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|
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| new_RE( # regexp-type lookup table, just happens to be all soft-blacklist
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| [qr'^(bulkmail|offers|cheapbenefits|earnmoney|foryou)@'i => 5.0],
| |
| [qr'^(greatcasino|investments|lose_weight_today|market\.alert)@'i=> 5.0],
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| [qr'^(money2you|MyGreenCard|new\.tld\.registry|opt-out|opt-in)@'i=> 5.0],
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| [qr'^(optin|saveonlsmoking2002k|specialoffer|specialoffers)@'i => 5.0],
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| [qr'^(stockalert|stopsnoring|wantsome|workathome|yesitsfree)@'i => 5.0],
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| [qr'^(your_friend|greatoffers)@'i => 5.0],
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| [qr'^(inkjetplanet|marketopt|MakeMoney)\d*@'i => 5.0],
| |
| ),
| |
|
| |
| { # a hash-type lookup table (associative array)
| |
| 'pac@c-s.fr' => -3.0,
| |
| 'nobody@cert.org' => -3.0,
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| 'cert-advisory@us-cert.gov' => -3.0,
| |
| 'owner-alert@iss.net' => -3.0,
| |
| 'slashdot@slashdot.org' => -3.0,
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| 'bugtraq@securityfocus.com' => -3.0,
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| 'ntbugtraq@listserv.ntbugtraq.com' => -3.0,
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| 'security-alerts@linuxsecurity.com' => -3.0,
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| 'mailman-announce-admin@python.org' => -3.0,
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| 'amavis-user-admin@lists.sourceforge.net'=> -3.0,
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| 'notification-return@lists.sophos.com' => -3.0,
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| 'owner-postfix-users@postfix.org' => -3.0,
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| 'owner-postfix-announce@postfix.org' => -3.0,
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| 'owner-sendmail-announce@lists.sendmail.org' => -3.0,
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| 'sendmail-announce-request@lists.sendmail.org' => -3.0,
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| 'donotreply@sendmail.org' => -3.0,
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| 'ca+envelope@sendmail.org' => -3.0,
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| 'noreply@freshmeat.net' => -3.0,
| |
| 'owner-technews@postel.acm.org' => -3.0,
| |
| 'ietf-123-owner@loki.ietf.org' => -3.0,
| |
| 'cvs-commits-list-admin@gnome.org' => -3.0,
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| 'rt-users-admin@lists.fsck.com' => -3.0,
| |
| 'clp-request@comp.nus.edu.sg' => -3.0,
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| 'surveys-errors@lists.nua.ie' => -3.0,
| |
| 'emailnews@genomeweb.com' => -5.0,
| |
| 'yahoo-dev-null@yahoo-inc.com' => -3.0,
| |
| 'returns.groups.yahoo.com' => -3.0,
| |
| 'clusternews@linuxnetworx.com' => -3.0,
| |
| lc('lvs-users-admin@LinuxVirtualServer.org') => -3.0,
| |
| lc('owner-textbreakingnews@CNNIMAIL12.CNN.COM') => -5.0,
| |
|
| |
| # soft-blacklisting (positive score)
| |
| 'sender@example.net' => 3.0,
| |
| '.example.net' => 1.0,
| |
| },
| |
| ], # end of site-wide tables
| |
| });
| |
|
| |
| @decoders = (
| |
| ['mail', \&do_mime_decode],
| |
| ['asc', \&do_ascii],
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| ['uue', \&do_ascii],
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| ['hqx', \&do_ascii],
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| ['ync', \&do_ascii],
| |
| ['F', \&do_uncompress, ['unfreeze','freeze -d','melt','fcat'] ],
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| ['Z', \&do_uncompress, ['uncompress','gzip -d','zcat'] ],
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| ['gz', \&do_gunzip],
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| ['gz', \&do_uncompress, 'gzip -d'],
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| ['bz2', \&do_uncompress, 'bzip2 -d'],
| |
| ['lzo', \&do_uncompress, 'lzop -d'],
| |
| ['rpm', \&do_uncompress, ['rpm2cpio.pl','rpm2cpio'] ],
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| ['cpio', \&do_pax_cpio, ['pax','gcpio','cpio'] ],
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| ['tar', \&do_pax_cpio, ['pax','gcpio','cpio'] ],
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| ['tar', \&do_tar],
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| ['deb', \&do_ar, 'ar'],
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| ['zip', \&do_unzip],
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| ['rar', \&do_unrar, ['rar','unrar'] ],
| |
| ['arj', \&do_unarj, ['arj','unarj'] ],
| |
| ['arc', \&do_arc, ['nomarch','arc'] ],
| |
| ['zoo', \&do_zoo, 'zoo'],
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| ['lha', \&do_lha, 'lha'],
| |
| ['cab', \&do_cabextract, 'cabextract'],
| |
| ['tnef', \&do_tnef],
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| ['exe', \&do_executable, ['rar','unrar'], 'lha', ['arj','unarj'] ],
| |
| );
| |
|
| |
| @av_scanners = (
| |
|
| |
| ### http://www.clamav.net/
| |
| ['ClamAV-clamd',
| |
| \&ask_daemon, ["CONTSCAN {}\n", "/var/run/clamav/clamd"],
| |
| qr/\bOK$/, qr/\bFOUND$/,
| |
| qr/^.*?: (?!Infected Archive)(.*) FOUND$/ ],
| |
| | | |
| );
| | | ^ |
|
| | v | |
| @av_scanners_backup = (
| | _____ |
| );
| | spämmi ja <----> | | <---- lokaalne meilisaatja (nn /usr/sbin/sendmail STDIO) |
| | | viiruste analüüs | MTA | <---- MTA klient, nt Icedove või Thunderbird |
| | | |_____| ----> postijaotusagent nt Cyrus või lihtsamal juhul kopeeritakse |
| | | kiri faili /var/mail/kasutajanimilinefail |
| '''Automaatne start'''
| |
| | |
| amavisd_enable="YES" | |
| clamav_clamd_enable="YES"
| |
| clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"
| |
| | |
| '''Spamitõrje uuendus'''
| |
| | |
| sa-update -D
| |
| | |
| spamassassin --lint && /usr/local/etc/rc.d/spamd.sh.sample restart
| |
| --lint kontrollib ega reeglites kala pole | |
| | |
|
| |
|
| '''Kontroll töötamisel'''
| | Kuutõrvajas on käsitletud seoses Postfixi kasutamisega selliseid teemasid |
|
| |
|
| Heidame pilgu maillog faili, kõigi kirjadekohta peaks tekkima rida
| | * [[:Mailman kasutamine FreeBSD'ga]] |
| | * [[:Cyrus kasutamine Gentooga]] |
| | * [[:Postfix'i kasutamine Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Postfix'i arhitektuuri kirjeldus ja kasutamise keerulisemad võimalused]] |
| | * [[:Kahetasemelise Postfix'i süsteemi kasutamine Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Cyruse kasutamine Postfixi ja Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Mailmani kasutamine Postfixi ja Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Sympa kasutamine Postfixi ja Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Amavis kasutamine Debian Lenniga]] |
| | * [[:Postfix'i SMTP AUTH üle TLS vastu Postgresql baasi Debianiga]] |
| | * [[:Opportunistic encryption kasutamine Postfixiga]] |
| | * [[:Squirrelmail kasutamine Debian Lennyga]] |
| | * [[Postfix + courier + mysql]] FreeBSD postfix mailisüsteem koos mysql'is olevate kasutajate ning veebihaldusliidesega paigaldusõpetus |
| | * [[:SPF kasutamine Postfixiga]] |
