OpenVZ

Sissejuhatus

XEN tehnoloogia pole alati sobiv eriti kui pole soovi kasutada erinevaid operatsoonisüstemee vaid sama os põhiseid eraldatud masinaid. OpenVZ ideaalne lahendus.

OpenVZ kasutab Operating system-level virtualiseerimist

virtualizing a physical server at the operating system level, enabling multiple isolated and secure virtualized servers to run on a single physical server. The "guest" OS environments share the same OS as the host system – i.e. the same OS kernel is used to implement the "guest" environments. Applications running in a given "guest" environment view it as a stand-alone system. Examples are Linux-VServer, Virtuozzo (for Windows or Linux), OpenVZ, Solaris Containers, and FreeBSD Jails.

OpenVZ is an open source container-based virtualization solution built on Linux. OpenVZ creates isolated, secure containers (otherwise known as VEs or VPSs) on a single physical server enabling better server utilization and ensuring that applications do not conflict. Each container performs and executes exactly like a stand-alone server; containers can be rebooted independently and have root access, users, IP addresses, memory, processes, files,

As OpenVZ employs a single kernel model, it is as scalable as the 2.6 Linux kernel; that is, it supports up to 64 CPUs and up to 64 GiB of RAM.[citation needed] A single container can scale up to the whole physical box, i.e. use all the CPUs and all the RAM. The OpenVZ is divided into a custom kernel and user-level tools.

Antud pala keskendub OpenVz kasutamisele Gentoo all.

Install

Süsteemi aluseks on valitud gentoo ning antud õpetus sobib vaid sellele operatsioonisüsteemile

Esimesena tuleb teha openvz toega kernel selleleks emergeda openvz patchiga kerneli kood

emerge openvz-sources

edasi siis järgnevad käsud ei hakka peatuma pikemalt linuxi kerneli tegemisel kuna pikem pala

cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig
...

Seejärel paigaldame openvz utiliidid. Seadistame selle peale rebooti startima ning käivitame.

emerge vzctl
rc-update add vz default
/etc/init.d/vz start

kaks moodulit. failisüsteemiks ja interneti kasutamiseks

modprobe simfs
modprobe vzethdev

need võib lisada ka faili /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 ,et reboodil automaatselt moodulit laetaks

Tõmbame gentoo stage alla näiteks saame selle aadressilt

ftp://ftp.eenet.ee/pub/gentoo/releases/x86/2007.0/stages/

mv stage3-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2 /vz/template/cache
bunzip2 stage3-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2
mv stage3-x86-2007.0.tar stage3.tar
gzip stage3.tar

Loome openvz masina mille id'ks 800 id alusel käib kogu virtuaalse masinaga töö. Allapoole 100 on id'd reserveeritud

vzctl create 800 --ostemplate stage3

Masina suuruseks tuleb umbes 400Mb

stardime masina

vzctl start 800

ja siseneme sellesse

vzctl enter 800

protsessitabel, nagu näha on pilt väga minimaalne

# ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.2   1564   544 ?        Ss   18:47   0:00 init [3]
root     29955  0.0  0.2   1928   452 ?        Ss   19:16   0:00 vzctl: pts/0
root     29956  0.0  0.7   2664  1544 pts/0    Ss   19:16   0:00 -bash
root     24172  0.0  0.4   2192   888 pts/0    R+   19:37   0:00 ps -aux

Veel üks tähtis asi ,et /dev kaustas töötaksid deviced tuleb teha muudatus faili

/vz/private/800/etc/conf.d/rc

kus tuleb muuta RC_DEVICES selliseks

RC_DEVICES="static"

Probleem seisneb selles ,et udev ei taha millegipärast korrektselt töötada koos vz'iga

Võrgu seadistus

Võrgu seadistamine peaks töötama ka lihtsamalt kohe vz masinat luues kuid millegipärast tõrkus see süsteem

ip mille annan virtuaalsele masinale 800 on 193.40.0.193 netmaskiga 255.255.255.128 ruuteriks on 193.40.0.129

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/proxy_arp

vzctl set 900 --veth_add veth900.0,00:12:34:56:78:9A,eth0,00:12:34:56:78:9B --save
ifconfig veth900.0 0

Warning: --veth_add option is outdated use --netif_add instead
Configure meminfo: 49152
Configure veth devices: veth101.0
Saved parameters for VE 800

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/veth900.0/forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/veth900.0/proxy_arp

vzctl exec 900 ifconfig eth0 0
vzctl exec 900 ifconfig eth0 193.40.0.193 netmask 255.255.255.128
vzctl exec 900 route add default dev eth0
route add 193.40.0.193 dev veth900.0

serveripoolt peaksime nägema

# ifconfig veth900.0
veth900.0 Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:12:34:56:78:9A
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:6569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:7785 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1011288 (987.5 Kb)  TX bytes:7733410 (7.3 Mb)

Edasine häälestus

Portide ühendamine vz masina külge

mkdir /vz/private/800/usr/portage
mount -o bind /usr/portage /vz/private/800/usr/portage

Lingid

http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/vps/openvz-howto.xml

http://wiki.openvz.org/Virtual_Ethernet_device

http://wiki.openvz.org/Gentoo_template_creation

http://wiki.openvz.org/Getting_started_with_OpenVZ_live_CD

Võrdlustabel operatsioonisüsteemi virtualiseerimisest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualization

Veebihaldus

http://homaly.dunanet.hu/wvz/