Puppet kasutamine Debianiga

Sissejuhatus

Puppet (ingl. k. nukk) http://reductivelabs.com/products/puppet/ võimaldab korraldada arvutite tarkvara ja seadistuste automatiseeritud haldust.

                  _____
                 |     | puppetmasterd
                 |_____|
                    |
                    |
            ---|----|-------|------------|---
               |            |            |
             __|__        __|__        __|__
            |     |      |     |      |     |  puppetd
            |_____|      |_____|      |_____|  ....
             
             smtp1        smtp2        squid
                       puppet kliendid

Puppetmaster'is (ingl. k. nukujuht) on kirjeldatud klientide tarkvara ja seadistused. Puppetmasteri ja klientide andmevahetus toimub üle 8140/tcp pordi.

Tarkvara paigaldamine

Operatsioonisüsteemi paketihaldusest

Puppet serverile ehk puppetmasterile tuleb paigadada pakett puppetmaster

 # apt-get install puppetmaster

Puppet kliendile tuleb paigaldada pakett puppet

 # apt-get install puppet

Ruby paketihaldusest

 # apt-get install rubygems

Gems süsteemi kasutamise kohta näeb näiteid öeldes

 # gem help examples

Puppet paigaldamiseks sobib öelda

 # gem install puppet

Puppetmasteri ettevalmistamine

Puppetmasteri protsess töötab privilegeerimata kasutajana ja tema tööd juhivad seadistusfailid

• /etc/puppet/puppet.conf

 [main]
 logdir=/var/log/puppet
 vardir=/var/lib/puppet
 ssldir=/var/lib/puppet/ssl
 rundir=/var/run/puppet
 factpath=$vardir/lib/facter
 pluginsync=false
 
 [puppetmasterd]
 templatedir=/var/lib/puppet/templates

• /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf

 [files]
   path /etc/puppet/files
   allow 192.168.10.0/24

Moodulid

 # find /etc/puppet/modules -type f
 /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/files
 /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/files/sudoers
 /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/manifests
 /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/manifests/init.pp

kus

• /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/files/sudoers fail sisaldab väljajagatava /etc/sudoers faili sisu
• /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/manifests/init.pp sisaldab sudo mooduliga seotud metaandmeid

 # /etc/puppet/modules/sudo/manifests/init.pp
 
 class sudo {
 
   package { sudo: ensure => latest }
 
   file { "/etc/sudoers":
     owner => "root",
     group => "root",
     mode  => 440,
     source  => "puppet:///sudo/sudoers",
     require => Package["sudo"],
   }
 }

Puppeti seadistused

Moodulid ja node'id ühendab kokku kolm faili

 # find /etc/puppet/manifests -type f
 /etc/puppet/manifests/modules.pp
 /etc/puppet/manifests/nodes.pp
 /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp

kus

• /etc/puppet/manifests/modules.pp

 # /etc/puppet/manifests/modules.pp
 
 import "sudo"

• /etc/puppet/manifests/nodes.pp

 # /etc/puppet/manifests/nodes.pp
 
 node basenode {
   include sudo
 }
 
 node 'puppet-1.auul' inherits basenode {
 }

• /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp

 # /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
 
 import "modules"
 import "nodes"
 
 # The filebucket option allows for file backups to the server
 filebucket { main: server => 'puppet-master.auul' }
 
 # Set global defaults - including backing up all files to the main filebucket and adds a global path
 File { backup => main }
 Exec { path => "/usr/bin:/usr/sbin/:/bin:/sbin" }

Puppet kliendi ettevalmistamine

Selleks, et Puppeti kliendi protsess saaks teha vajalikke muudatusi töötab ta juurkasutajana ja tema tööd juhivad sellised failid

• /etc/puppet/puppet.conf

 [main]
 logdir=/var/log/puppet
 vardir=/var/lib/puppet
 ssldir=/var/lib/puppet/ssl
 rundir=/var/run/puppet
 factpath=$vardir/lib/facter
 pluginsync=false
 server=puppet-master.auul
 
 [puppetmasterd]
 templatedir=/var/lib/puppet/templates

• /etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf

 [fileserver]
   allow *
 
 [pelementserver]
    allow *
 
 [puppetrunner]
   allow *
 
 [puppetbucket]
   allow *
 
 [puppetreports]
   allow *

Kliendi registreerimine

 # puppetca -l
 puppet-1.auul

Signeerimiseks tuleb öelda

 # puppetca -s puppet-1.auul
 Signed puppet-1.auul

Puppetmaster ja puppet kliendid hoiavad oma andmeid kataloogis

 /var/lib/puppet

Selleks, et klient küsiks puppetmasterilt oma seadistusi

 puppet-1:~# ps aux | grep pup
 root      8161  4.0 10.0  36652 25472 ?        Ssl  15:28   0:14 ruby /usr/sbin/puppetd -w 5
 puppet-1:~# kill -SIGUSR1 8161

Kliendi eemaldamiseks sobib öelda

 # puppetca --clean puppet-1.auul
 Removing /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed/puppet-1.auul.pem

ralsh

 # ralsh user ntp
 user { 'ntp':
     password => '*',
     shell => '/bin/false',
     uid => '106',
     home => '/home/ntp',
     gid => '110',
     ensure => 'present'
 }

puppetrun

Selleks, et töötaks, tuleb /usr/sbin/puppetrun failis teha real 240

 if Puppet[:node_terminus] = "ldap"

asendus = -> ==

 if Puppet[:node_terminus] == "ldap"

 # puppetrun -d --host puppet-3.auul
 Failed to load ruby LDAP library. LDAP functionality will not be available
 debug: Parsing /etc/puppet/puppet.conf
 debug: Puppet::Network::Client::Runner: defining puppetrunner.run
 Triggering puppet-3.auul
 debug: Calling puppetrunner.run
 puppet-3.auul finished with exit code 0
 Finished

Facter

 # facter 
 architecture => amd64
 domain => auul
 facterversion => 1.5.1
 fqdn => puppet-1.auul
 hardwareisa => unknown
 hardwaremodel => x86_64
 hostname => puppet-1
 id => root
 interfaces => eth0
 ipaddress => 192.168.10.181
 ipaddress_eth0 => 192.168.10.181
 kernel => Linux
 kernelrelease => 2.6.26-2-amd64
 kernelversion => 2.6.26
 macaddress => 70:01:68:01:01:81
 macaddress_eth0 => 70:01:68:01:01:81
 ...

OpenBSD

OpenBSD 4.6 jaoks on olemas binaarse paketina Puppet tarkvara v. 0.24.4, mille paigaldamiseks sobib öelda

 # pkg_add ruby-puppet
 ruby-1.8.6.369p0:  complete
 ruby-facter-1.5.0: complete
 ruby-puppet-0.24.4p1: complete

Tulemusena paigaldatakse

• /etc/puppet - seadistusfailid
• /usr/local/share/examples/ruby-puppet - näited

Ruby Gems süsteemi abil tarkvara paigaldamine

 # gem query --local
 
 *** LOCAL GEMS ***
 
 facter (1.5.7)
 puppet (0.24.7)

===FreeBSD

Installime ruby-gems paketi /devel/ruby-gems/ Ja anname käsu

gem install puppet

Kasulikud lisamaterjalid

• http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/526
• http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/528
• http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine/automate-system-administration-tasks-puppet?page=0,0
• FAI kasutamine Debianiga